Shaving device



Nov. 11, 1941. G. DALKOWITZ SHAVING DEVICE 2 Shets-Sheet 1 5' INVENTOR Godfmy Dal/(mutt; 'BY

Filed June 23, 1957 ATTO Nov. 11, 1941. G. DALKOWITZ SHAVING DEVICE Filed June 23, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m T N E V m ATTORNEY"?- Patented Nev. 11, 1941 SHAVING DEVICE Godfrey Dalkowitz, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to American Safety Razor Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of Virginia Application June 23, 1937, Serial No. 149,853

6 Claims.

This invention relates to shaving devices having relatively movable cutting parts and popularly known as dry shavers" because they are customarily used without preliminary treatment, as by detergents, of the surface to be shaved.

While my invention has been disclosed in connection with shaving devices, it will'be understood that as to certain phases thereof it may have other applications.

Dry shavers of hitherto known constructions are susceptible of improvement in many directions, such as convenience in use and manufacture, and maintenance and manufacturing costs, to mention a few of them. It is the general aim of my invention to provide needed improvements that will add to the efiiciency of dry shavers in the respects noted and others.

Among the objects of my invention are the provision in a shaving device having relatively movable contacting cutting parts, of means for maintaining the cutting contact between said parts; the provision in a shaving device having relatively movable contacting parts of a plurality of independent means for maintaining contact between the parts; the provision in a shaving device including motive means therefor, of separate assemblies each comprising a portion of said motive means and a casing adapted to have said assemblies secured thereto in their proper operative relation; the provision in a shaving device comprising motive means therefor, of separate assemblies each comprising a portion of said motiv means, and a casing adapted to have said assemblies secured thereto in their operative relation and said individual assemblies being provided with interfitting portions for the purpose of properly locating their relative positions; the provision for use in a shaving implement of a field magnet for an electric motor made in two portions and means for connecting said portions; the provision in a shaving implement of a magnet for an electric motor of the magnetic type having a plurality of field coils arranged in adjacency but separated by a dielectric and having a make and break device interposed in series between them; the provision in a shaving implement of a field coil arrangement as just described having a condenser shunted across said make and break; the provision in a shaving device of a casing enclosing a motor having a drive shaft and sa d casing having an opening adjacent the shaft for supplying oil thereto; the provision in a shaving device having a motor positioned in a casing, of a starting wheel on the drive shaft of the motor end an opening in the casing whereby access to the starting wheel may be had; the provision in a shaving device of a casing madein two parts and an insulating plate carrying the terminals of an electric motor positioned in the casing, and the two parts of said casing being provided with recesses to receive said terminal plate; the provision in a shaving device having a shaving head and a handle of means for locking the head to the handle; the provision in a shaving device of an assembly comprising a pair of spaced plates and means for holding said plates in spaced relation and said plates carrying the motor armature and the make and break; the provision in a shaving device of an assembly comprising a pair of spaced plates and means for holding said plates in spaced relation and said plates carrying the motor armature and the operating lever for the movable parts of the shaving device; and the provision in a shaving device of an electric motor of the magnetic typ having an armature of novel conformation.

For the attainment of these objects and such other objects as will hereinafter appear or be pointed out I have shown several embodiments of my invention in the drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of my invention with the upper half of the casing removed so as to expose the interior;

Figure 2 is a view partly in section substantial- 1y on th line 2-2 of Figures 1 and '7, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 3 is a top plan view similar to Figure 1 but showing the outside of the casing;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary bottom plan view indicated by the line 44 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the motor armature and its shaft;

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the two component parts or assemblies constituting the motor part of my invention;

Figure 6a is a perspective view of a modified form of one of the assemblies of Figure 6;

Figur 6b is a perspective view of a modified form of the other assembly of Figure 6;

Figure '7 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line 'l--'| of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 8 is a transverse sectional view substantially on the line 8-8 of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view showing the electric circuits;

'Figure 10 is a plan view on an enlarged scale of a portion of Figure 1 showing the spring contacts; and

Figures 11 and 12 are sectional views of modified forms of the spring plunger and operating lever respectively.

A shaving device of the type herein described may be said to comprise in general a shaving head indicated at A in Figures 1 and 2 in dotted lines and a handle portion B that carries the shaving head. and within the casing B is positioned a motor C provided with suitable connections for actuating the shaving head A.

While the specific form of shaving headA constitutes no part of my invention, the latter is designed to cooperate with a shaving head having relatively sliding parts for effecting cutting action, such as a pair of slidingly superposed members provided with coacting cutting teeth. One of these parts should be adapted to receive the operating lever disclosed herein and the pressure means disclosed herein in the form of spring pressed plungers are intended to press against the surface of one of said parts, so as to urge it against another part with which it cooperates in effecting the cutting action.

The casing C. as clearly appears from Figures 1, 2, 7 and 8, is made in two parts l2 and I4, which together constitute a hollow shell of a conformation adapted to receive the motor C and the shaving head A in the proper operative relation. For holding the two halves of the casing in assembled relation I have shown screws I8 (see Figure 3) and when assembled it is of a size and contour adapted for convenient grasping by the hand of a user. At one end thereof it is provided with a recess l8 adapted to receive an extension of the shaving head A and into this recess extend the ends of the operating lever and the spring pressed plungers 22, the former being adapted to enter a slot or the like in one of the parts of the shaving head and the latter being adapted to press the parts of the shaving head into operative contact.

The shaving head A is maintained in its operative relation to the casing by the arrangement shown in Figures 2, 3 and 11 in which there is shown the member 2| preferably formed of a spring metal and having its one end bent downwardly as shown at 21' to form a tongue to be received in an opening 2i. provided therefor through one of the walls forming the recess I8. This member 2| is secured in position as by the threaded member 21 which is passed therethrough and into an opening provided therefor in the head of the casing. The parts are of such dimensions that when the member 2" is passed through the opening in the member 2| and into the opening in the casing l2 the down-turned end 2| will project through the opening 2|. By properly adjusting the member 2 I an engagement can be effected between the free end of the down-turned end 2| and the shaving head for holding it in assembled relation with the casing with a pressure that can be adjusted at will.

The lever 20 is shown as plvotally mounted within the casing by way of example by the screw 24, and its outer end passes through an opening 28 provided in the casing at the bottom of the recess l8, while its inner end is provided with a slot adapted to receive a cam or eccentric 28 on the armature shaft 88 of the motor which serves to impart an oscillating motion to the lever, and which will be again referred to hereinafter in connection with the other parts of the motor.

The plungers 22 are shown as passing through openings 30 provided in the casing at the bottom of the recess l8, two such plungers being shown, and adjacent the inner end each is shown as provided with enlargements 82 which prevent their passing through the openings 30 which latter however are sufflciently large to permit lateral.

movement of the plungers 22 therein, as well as to permit the plungers to angle. A pair of abutments 84 are shown as anchored in the casing and each is provided with a lug or extension 88 The terminals on which seats one end of a coil spring 38 the other end' of which seats on the end of the plunger 22 and abuts against the enlargement 32 thereof. The springs 38 are normally under compression so as to press the enlargements 32 against the walls of the casing when the razor head is not in place on the casing B. When the razor head is in place as shown in Figures 1 and 10, the springs will be still further compressed due to the inward movement of the abutments 32. while at the same time they will permit the plungers to move laterally to an extent limited by the openings time to angle to a limited extent. The plungers are therefore free to follow the movements of that part of the razor head A with which they contact without sliding in relation thereto, while at the same time relative sliding thereof is not prevented.-

The electric motor C is shown asof the magnetic type, that is of a type in which the armature has-no winding but moves in relation to the poles of the field as the result of intermittent energization of the same, each energization giving the armature a pull or kick, and these kicks or pulls are timed appropriately so that they augment each other to effect rotation of the armature. One of the features of such a motor is a make and break system synchronized with the movements of the armature toenergize the field coil at the proper time.

As will be observed from the drawings and particularly Figure 6, I have shown the motor as constituted by two parts or assemblies which become united intoan integral whole on installation in the casing. The first of these assemblies denoted by O in Figure -6 comprises a horse-shoe or U-shaped field magnet 40 provided with two poles which are arcuately contoured as indicated at 42 to receive the rotating armature therebetween. The magnet is constituted by superposed laminations of electric steel that are adapted to be energized by a pair of field coils 44 and 48 shown as mounted at the bight of the U, and these field coils are shown as separated from each other by an insulating plate 48 of some suitable dielectric material. The terminals 88 and 52 of the coil 44 are provided respectively with leads 54 and 58, the former intended for connection to one side of the make and break as will be hereinafter described and the latter being connected at the terminal 58 carried in an insulating plate adapted for insertion into the grooves 82 and 84 of the two halves of the casing.

88 and 88 of the coil 48 are similarly extended into leads l8 and 12, the first adapted for connection with the other side of the make and break' as will be hereinafter described, and the latter connected to a terminal 14, also carried by the aforementioned insulating plate 88.

A condenser 18 is also shown as connected across the terminals 58 and 88 of the respective coils 44 and 48.

It will be observed that the condenser 18, which, as has just been stated, is connected across the terminals 58 and 88, is at the same time shunted across the make and break, to be later described, as will be apparent from the diagrammatic of connections of Figure 9, this construction being for the well known purpose of increasing the effectiveness of the make and break. It will further be observed that the coils 44 and 48, positioned on opposite sides of the dielectric plate 8, lso have a capacity or condenser effect which of the walls 30 and at the same augments that of the condenser It in producing a more effective make and break action.

It will further be observed that the poles of the field magnet 40 are shown as provided with recesses I8 for a purpose which will be explained hereinafter. A pair of screws I9 are shown as passing through the field magnet 40 for the purpose of securing the assembly within the casing.

The second of the aforementioned assemblies constituting the motor has been denoted by the letter P in Figure 6 and it comprises a pair of spaced plates 80 and 82 connected in spaced relation by uprights 84 and 88. Journalled in said plates adjacent its ends is an armature shaft 88 which carries the armature 90, clearly shown in Figure as being composed of superposed lami nations of electric steel, each being of what may be described as an hour-glass contour.

Positioned on the plate 80 is shown a make and break mechanism comprising a pair of contacts 92 and 94 carried respectively by a conducting member 96 pivotally mounted on the plate 80 in any suitable or preferred manner, as indicated at 98, and a conducting member I00 mounted on the plate 80. Interposed between the member 06 and an abutment I02 mounted on the plate 80 is a coil spring I04 which serves to press the contact 92 against the contact 94, and both of the parts I02 and I04 are made of conducting material and serve to transmit current from the lead 54, hereofore described, and which is connected to the abutment I02, through the spring I04 into the member 88, while on the other hand the lead I0 is connected to the member I00, whereby when the contacts 92 and 94 contact each other an electric circuit is established through the two coils 44 and 48 and the field magnet is energized.

In order to effect the make and break motion I have shown the end of the armature shaft 88 as provided with a cam I08 and this presses against the insulating block I 08 carried by the member 96 and the high portions of this cam move the member 08 against the resistance of spring I 04, thereby opening the circuit. It will be observed that since the member I08 as well as the plates 80 and 82 are of insulating material, the armature is completely insulated from the electrical connections, so that a user of the shaving device need not fear shocks from electrical currents that might reach the shaving head through the lever 20, which as has been heretofore mentioned is moved by the eccentric or cam 28, also carried on the armature shaft. The cam 28 is shown as positioned on the end of the shaft 88 opposite to that on which the cam I08 is located, and a starting wheel I08 is also shown as carried by the end of the shaft below the cam '28. The starting wheel in addition to its starting function thereby acts as a stop to hold the lever 20 in place in the assembly P before its mounting in the casing.

'An opening I09 is shown as provided in the casing section I4 by which access to the rim of the starting wheel I08 may be had for starting purposes. It will be noted that the starting wheel does not at any point protrude beyond the confines of the casing so that there is substantially no danger of its being stopped by or damaging objects external to the motor casing, and that in spite of its shielded position it is nevertheless readily accessible for starting purposes.

It will be observed that the spacers 84, of which one is shown on each side of the assembly P, are so positioned that they will fit into the recesses I8 described in connection with the assembly 0 and when they are so interfitted the armature shaft will be properly positioned in relation to the field magnet. It will be understood of course that in order to effect this positioning of the assemblies 0 and P the armature must be brought into a position, such as that indicated in Figure 6, in which it will pass between the field poles 88 and 82, and when it has been brought into such a position assembly is effected by sliding it into position between the poles. The operating position is reached when the spacers 84 are position d within the recesses I8.

It will also be observed that if the armature is rotated from its position shown in Figure 6, while in place between the poles into a position at right angles to that shown in Figure 6, it cannot then be removed from between the poles because of the limited space therebetween. The same is true of most of the intermediate positions of the armature.

For securing the assembly P within the casing I have shown a pair of screws IIO that engage threaded openings suitably provided in the easing section I4 and when the assemblies P and 0 are so secured to the casing by their respective fastening means they will constitute a unitary assembly that functions as a motor. I By referring to Figures 3 and 8 it will be observed that I have shown openings H2 in the casing section I 2 and positioned one on each side of the make and break contacts 82 and 84, whereby I provide ventilation at this point for dissipating the heat generated in the makeand break, while the material between the openings II2 serves as a shield that confines the electric are within the casing.

In order to provide for lubrication I have shown at II3 an opening in the casing posi tioned directly over one end of the armature shaft for introducing oil.

By referring to Figure 6a it will be observed that I have there shown a modified form of field magnet 40. This magnet is made in two sections designated respectively by the numerals I20 and I22 and each has as part thereof a portion of the bight section of the magnet, these two portions of the respective sections fitting together along the broken line I24 whereby they are properly located with reference to each other and form a substantially uninterrupted magnetic path. The two sections I20 and I22 are shown as united by a pair of yoke pieces I28 secured to the section in any suitable or preferred manner, as by the rivets I28.

In describing the assembly P of Figure 6 I have referred to the lever 20 as one element of such assembly, while at the same time, as has also been stated, the lever 20 is pivotally mounted on the casing section I4 by means of the screw 24. In Figure 6b I have shown a modified form of the assembly P denoted by P in which the lever 20', corresponding to the lever 20 instead of being arranged for mounting in the casing, is shown as pivotally mounted on extensions of the plates and 82 as indicated at I30.

In Figure 11 I have shown a modified construction for the spring pressed plungers or contacts 22 and one of these plungers has been indicated by the numeral 22'. It is provided with an enlargement 32' adapted to abut against the casing sections I2 and I 4' and a coil spring 88' is positioned between the enlargement 32' and an upright or lug 34' mounted in a plate I22 which may be anchored to the casing section I4 ing four bends, as

provided with a a result pivotal movements of the plunger 22' take place at a point located at the opening i3! and as can be readily seen the plunger 22' is adapted for limited movement in all directions and therefore offers no the movement of the razor head but on the contrary is free to move with it.

In Figure 12 I have shown amodified form of actuating lever that I have found to be very effective. Because of the ample bearing surfaces and their location, lost motion is practically eliminated, wear on the bearings is reduced to a minimum, and motion of the lever only in the .desired direction is assured.

- In this figure the lever is indicated at 20' and it will be observed that instead of the lever havthe lever 20, the lever 20 is shown as only bent in two places whereby it acquires a configuration having a vertical portion 5 and a horizontal portion I IS, the latter being slot to receive the cam 28' of the motor. Apair of pins H1 and H8 is shown as extending from the lever 20' in opposite directions and these pins are rigidly associated with the lever 20' and serve as pivots or trunnions on which the lever oscillates. A thrust washer H9 is likewise shown as rigidly associated with the lever. I

The pins Ill and l l8 are joumalled respectively in bushings I20 and I24, the former being an extension of the plate 80' corresponding to the plate 80 of Figure 1, while the latter is shown as a separate piece that may be secured to the casing section H in any suitable or preferred manner, such securing means however not being shown. Other numbered parts of this figure correspond to similarly numbered parts of Figure 1 except that the numerals have been primed and since their function is similar no further description is needed.

The bushings I20 and I24 may be of suitable anti-friction material and this material may at the same time be electrically insulating whereby it will serve to more eflectively prevent the transmission of stray electric currents to the shaving head. A suitable material for this purpose is that known as phenol fiber.

While I have herein disclosed several illustrative embodiments of my invention it will be understood that the same may be embodied in many other forms as will be obvious to those skilled in the art and that the disclosure herein is by way of illustration only and is not to be construed in a limiting sense, and that I do not limit myself in any way other than as called for by the prior art.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its used, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a shaving implement having a shaving head and a handle therefor, a recess in said handle adapted to receive an extension of the shaving head, and locking means for locking said head within said recess, said means comprising an opening in the handle communicating with said recess, a pawl having an angularly related nose portion thereon adapted to be received within said opening and to engage said extension of the shaving head, and means for holding said frictional resistance to pawl on said handle and for adjusting the same, and said means being adapted, in certain positions of adjustment thereof, to cause the nose portion of the pawl to bear positively against said extension of the shaving head.

2. In a shaving implement having a shaving head and a handle therefor, a recess in said handle adapted to receive an extension of the shaving head, and locking means for locking said head within said recess, said means comprising a pawl having a nose portion thereon adapted to engage said extension of the shaving head, and means for holding said pawl on said handle and for adjusting the same, and said means being adapted, in certain positions of adjustment thereof, to cause the nose portion of the pawl to bear positively against said extension of the shaving head, said pawl being made of resilient material.

3. In a shaving implement, having a shaving head and a handle therefor, a recess in said handleadapted to receive an extension of the shaving head, and locking means for locking said head within said recess, said means comprising a pawl having a nose portion thereon adapted to engage said extension of the shaving head, and screw means adjustable to cause the nose portion of said pawl to bear positively against said extension of the shaving head.

4. An operating lever for a dry shaver, comprising a casing and a motor contained therein, said lever having pins secured thereto and extending .in opposite directions therefrom and electrically insulating-bushings associated with said lever having a shaving head engaging end portion disposed substantially along the longitudinal axis of said casing, and its other end portion being laterally oifset from said shaving head engaging end portion and being driven from one end of said power shaft, and an intermediate portion uniting said end portions, a pin extending respectively outward from each side of said shaving head engaging portion of said lever adjacent its inner end, said pin being secured to said lever, and bearings each adapted to receive one of said pins.

- 6. In a dry shaver, an elongated casing adapted to serve as a handle for the shaver, motive means within said casing, said motive means having a rotating power shaft disposed transversely of the casing,a shaving head, disposed at one end of the casing, and a lever for transmitting power from one end of said shaft to said shaver head, said lever having a shaving head engaging end portion disposed substantially along the longitudinal axis of said casing, and its other end portion being laterally offset from said. shaving head engaging end portion and being driven from one end of said power shaft, and an intermediate portion uniting said end portions, a pin extending respectively outward from each side of said shaving-head engaging portion of said lever adjacent its inner end, said pins being secured to said lever, and bearings each adapted to receive one of said pins, said bearings being in the form 

